The first written works in Turkish are from the eighth century, and many more appear in subsequent centuries, reflecting the religious-philosophical and scientific activities of the period. The historical process of Turkish shows that the Turkish of the Turkish Khaganate, Uyghur, Karakhanid, Khorezm, Kipchak, and Chagatay in the east, and the old Turkey in the west develops. These periods depicting Turkish history are important because they hosted various religions and cultures. Many astronomical and astrological terms implicitly integrated in the works of the period, encompass religious-literary and scientific areas such as astronomy and astrology. In the Uyghurs, the influence of Indian, Chinese, Tibetan, Tocharian, and Sogdian countries, in the Islamic period, the effect of Arab and Persian can be recognized. There is Vedic/Indian and Chinese influence on astronomy and astrology in the East, and Sumerian, Babylonian, Greek, Egyptian-based Persian and Arab influence in the West. These countries affect each other, thus Indian and Babylonian astronomy, cannot be considered individually. Scientific historians have approached the topic holistically focusing on Indian, Babylonian, and Islamic civilizations. Turks have only been studied within the context of Islamic civilization, and the data obtained in previous processes have been examined superficially. Religious-literary literary products were not reviewed in detail at this time, save from those relating to astronomy and astrology in writings from the 8th to 16th century; Chinese, Indian, Tibetan, Iranian, and Islamic influences were also not discussed in detail. Astronomy, in particular, is not connected with modern astronomy. Considering in the context of the available data, these deficiencies will be analyzed comparatively on terms, images and symbols related to astronomy, astrology and also as sub-titles, in the Turkish Khaganate, Old Uyghur, Karakhanid, Khwarezm, Kipchak, Chagatai and Old Turkey Turkish texts and these terms will be associated with modern astronomy and astrophysics. All language materials linked to astronomy and astrology from the eighth to the sixteenth centuries will be collected and examined in detail using theoretical, methodological, and practical information. Also, all of the information gathered here will be reconciled with modern astronomy and astrophysics. The study's fundamental novelty is to identify astronomy, astrology, and medical-astrology related linguistic materials in all Turkish literature from the Turkish Khaganate inscriptions until the 1500s, and to associate them with modern astronomy and astro-physics. Furthermore, it is to determine the Turkish history, culture, and science circle by examining the literary products of Turkish culture and science history using the text-scientific analysis, and to produce theoretical, methodological, and practical information by determining the periodic characteristics of Turkish written products. The Turks’ contribution to the history of science will be disclosed based on scientific evidence.